Patellar dislocation

A patellar dislocation occurs when the patella dislocates relative to the tibia and femur. It most often presents with a lateral dislocation; however medial dislocations are also possible. There may be associated pain, swelling, or deformity at the knee. Examination will reveal normal alignment of the tibia and femur, but an effusion due to hemarthrosis may be present. As opposed to a knee dislocation, the knee joint is intact and stable without threat of neurovascular compromise. Common mechanisms include contraction of the quadriceps muscles with concurrent knee flexion or direct trauma. Radiographs are obtained to confirm this diagnosis and are necessary to examine for possible associated fracture. This injury requires bedside reduction along with placement of a knee immobilizer and orthopedic follow-up.